It was the period of Newton when he said the light is nothing but a stream of particles, and with which the reflection, refraction and other observed phenomena are explained. Everything was good. But after that, there were new observations which could not be explained by the particle nature of light. The famous one was Young's double slit experiment, which deduced that light was nothing but a wave and was later known to be a type of electromagnetic wave (with the help of Maxwell's equations). Then scientists re-explained how the wave-light could perform the reflection, refraction and other phenomena which were previously under the category of particle-light. So people changed their perspective and agreed that light was a wave. Again, everything was good. But with no concern about the mental peace of scientists, another observation had appeared - the photoelectric effect. What is the photoelectric effect? In short, you throw the light at the surface of metals, and they give ...